Influence of fumarate on interspecies electron transfer and the metabolic shift induced in Clostridium pasteurianum by Geobacter sulfurreducens

In previous studies, it was demonstrated that co-culturing Clostridium pasteurianum and Geobacter sulfurreducens triggers a metabolic shift in the former during glycerol fermentation. This shift, attributed to interspecies electron transfer and the exchange of other molecules, enhances the production of 1,3-propanediol at the expense of the butanol pathway. The aim of this investigation is to examine the impact of fumarate, a soluble compound usually used as an electron acceptor for G. sulfurreducens, in the metabolic shift previously described in C. pasteurianum. Experiments were conducted by adding along with glycerol, acetate and different quantities of fumarate in co-cultures of G. sulfurreducens and C. pasteurianum. Ametabolic shift was exhibited in all the co-culture conditions. This shift was more pronounced at higher fumarate concentrations. Additionally, we observed G. sulfurreducens growing even in the absence of fumarate and utilizing small amounts of this compound as an electron donor rather than an electron acceptor in the co-cultures with high fumarate addition. This study provided evidence that interspecies electron transfer continues to occur in the presence of a soluble electron acceptor, and the metabolic shift can be enhanced by promoting the growth of G. sulfurreducens.