Rare Earth Effect on Dielectric Properties of Ba0.98L0.02Ti0.995O3 (L = Nd, Ce, and Y) Synthesized by the Solid-State Process

Lead–free Ba0.98L0.02Ti0.995O3 (L = Nd, Ce, and Y) ceramics were synthesized via a solid-state reaction technique at room temperature. XRD technique was used to identify the crystal structure and to demonstrate the phase purity. SEMScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations have shown homogeneous morphologies for all samples. Dielectric measurements were investigated for a range of frequency of (103–105 Hz) and temperature (25–200 °C). The Ba0.98L0.02Ti0.995O3 (L = Nd, Ce, and Y) dielectric permittivity shows stability in the frequency range from 103 to 105 Hz with a dense microstructure and lower dielectric loss at room temperature (tan (δ)