Novel DV-hop algorithm-based machines learning technics for node localization in rang-free wireless sensor networks

Localization is a critical concern in many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Furthermore, correct information regarding the geographic placements of nodes (sensors) is critical for making the collected data valuable and relevant. Because of their benefits, such as simplicity and acceptable accuracy, the based connectivity algorithms attempt to localize multi-hop WSN. However, due to environmental factors, the precision of localisation may be rather low. This publication describes an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) technique for minimizing localization error in range-free WSN. In this paper, we propose a Cascade Extreme Learning Machine (Cascade-ELM) to increase localization accuracy in Range-Free WSNs. We tested the proposed approaches in a variety of multi-hop WSN scenarios. Our research focused on an isotropic and irregular environment. The simulation results show that the proposed Cascade-ELM algorithm considerably improves localization accuracy when compared to previous algorithms derived from smart computing approaches. When compared to previous work, isotropic environments show improved localization results.