Prostate artery chemoembolization in prostate cancer: A proof of concept study in spontaneous prostate cancer in a canine model

•Arterial chemoembolization of prostate cancer is feasible in a spontaneous canine model.•Arterial chemoembolization of the prostate induces major tumor necrosis in a spontaneous canine model of prostate cancer.•Arterial chemoembolization of the prostate has a safe pharmacokinetic profile in a spontaneous canine model of prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of docetaxel-loaded bead chemoembolization in spontaneous prostate cancer in a canine model. Five pet dogs with histopathologically proven prostate cancer were referred for prostate artery chemoembolization (PACE). After PACE, all animals were followed, including pharmacokinetic study and clinical and biological evolution, until death. Pelvic contrast-enhanced computed tomography examination was performed at one and two months. Animals were subjected to pathological examination after death. Both prostate arteries were successfully chemoembolized in all dogs. A median dose of 18 mg (Q1, Q3; 11.8, 20 mg) docetaxel loaded in 3 mL of 50–100 µm super absorbent polymer beads was injected into each dog. At one month, four of the five dogs were still alive and the median prostate volume was 51% lower (prePACE median prostate volume, 18.4 mL [Q1, Q3; 12, 32.1 mL] vs. postPACE median prostate volume, 6.2 mL [Q1, Q3; 6.2, 11 mL]). At two months, three dogs died because of disease progression. The two remaining dogs showed a 70% median decrease in prostate volume. Prostate pathological examination showed 73% of necrosis. No worsening of urinary symptoms was observed. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed limited systemic passage of docetaxel. All dogs died of metastatic spread at nine months. This study suggests that PACE is feasible and safe for the treatment of spontaneous prostate cancer in a canine model and may provide a new approach to treat selected patients with prostate cancer.