ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Spinareoviridae 2022

Spinareovirid particles are icosahedral (Table 1). The protein capsid is organized as 1-3 concentric layers of capsid proteins, with an overall diameter of 50-85 nm [1]. Members of the family Spinareoviridae have spikes or turrets at the 12 icosahedral vertices of the subviral particle (Fig. 1), in contrast to members of the family Sedoreoviridae, which have an almost spherical or 'smooth' appearance. GENOME Spinareovirids contain 9-12 segments of linear dsRNA comprising 23-29 kbp in total, with individual segments ranging from 0.5 to 4.8 kbp. The positive-sense strands of each duplex are modified with a 5′-terminal type 1 cap structure but no 3′-poly(A) tail. The viral RNAs are mostly monocistronic with relatively short 5′-and 3′-non-coding regions, although some segments have a second or third functional ORF [2, 3].