Methodology for the third-party reconditioning process of automotive vented lead-acid (VLA) batteries

Vented lead-acid (VLA) batteries are still used for starting, lighting, and ignition in modern vehicles with internal combustion engines, even though this technology was developed in the mid-19th century. Despite the importance of VLA batteries, there is not a different End of Life strategy besides recycling for it. The present work aims to define a methodology for extending the life span of VLA batteries based on the remanufacturing process, which includes assessing the battery's performance before and after the reconditioning process, and identifying replaceable, reconditionable recyclable parts.