Épidémiologie, facteurs et complications associée à l’utilisation de noradrénaline en chirurgie cardiaque avec circulation extracorporelle : une étude observationnelle française multicentrique et prospective

BackgroundThe present study was designed to describe the prevalence of norepinephrine use, the factors associated with its use, and the incidence of postoperative complications according to norepinephrine use, in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.MethodWe performed a prospective, multicenter, observational study in 4 University-affiliated medico-surgical cardiovascular units. We analyzed all patients treated with cardiac surgery after excluding pre-ECMO surgery, LVAD implantation, heart transplantation and intraoperative hemorrhage.ResultsOf 9316 patients screened during the study period, 2862 were included and 2510 were analyzed. Among them, 1549 (61%) were treated with norepinephrine with a median maximal dose of 0.11 [0.06–0.2] μg/kg/min–1 and a median duration of 10 h [2–24]. Norepinephrine was most often started in the operating room before cardiopulmonary bypass. The multiple regression logistic analysis identified several modifiable (haematocrit, maintenance of beta-blocker, cardiopulmonary bypass time, glucose-insulin-potassium, Custodiol cardioplegia, Delnido cardioplegia, and fibrinogen transfusion) and non-modifiable factors (age, ASA score, chronic high blood pressure, coronary disease, dyslipidemia, right ventricular dysfunction, left ventricular dysfunction, active endocarditis, and valvular aortic surgery) associated with norepinephrine use. Mortality, morbidity (neurological and renal complications, death) and length of stay in the ICU were higher in patients treated with norepinephrine.ConclusionNorepinephrine is often used in cardiac surgical patients but for < 24 h with a low dose. Many preoperative and surgical factors are associated with norepinephrine use. Patients supported by norepinephrine have a higher incidence of major postoperative events. ContexteL’objectif de cette étude était de décrire la prévalence de l’utilisation de la noradrénaline, les facteurs associés à son utilisation, et l’incidence des complications postopératoires en fonction de son utilisation ou non, chez les patients opérés d’une chirurgie cardiaque avec circulation extracorporelle (CEC).MéthodeNous avons réalisé une étude prospective, multicentrique et observationnelle dans 4 unités médicochirurgicales cardiovasculaires de CHU. Nous avons analysé tous les patients de chirurgie cardiaque après avoir exclu les patients avec une ECMO avant la chirurgie, l’implantation d’un LVAD (définir), la transplantation cardiaque et l’hémorragie