Thermoregulation and shivering responses in elite alpine skiers

This study aimed to characterise the thermoregulatory responses of elite alpine skiers. Core (gastro-intestinal) and skin temperatures were recorded continuously from 4 national team skiers representing 18 training-sessions for a total of 83 ski runs (average ambient temperature 1.9°C). Shivering responses were estimated from quadriceps and hamstrings EMG recordings during 77 chairlifts. Temperature responses were also obtained from 6 accompanying staffs representing 16 training-sessions (passive in 10 cases, following the skiers in 6 cases). Core temperature of the skiers (P