Decreased ratio of FOXP3+/FOXP3-CD45RA+CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood is associated with unexplained infertility and ART failure

Unexplained infertility has a huge social impact and is a significant challenge for both clinicians and researchers. Previous studies have shown the involvement of multiple factors in infertility. Among these, the subset of regulatory T cells is of particular interest for the maternal tolerance towards the semi-allogenic fetus. We investigated circulating CD45RA+ regulatory and non-regulatory CD4+ T cells in healthy women and patients with unexplained infertility in the context of thymic output and peripheral proliferation. The proportion of FOXP3+ and FOXP3-CD45RA+CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood was studied in control groups of healthy parous and nulliparous (never-pregnant) women and in patients with unexplained infertility. In the same groups thymic output and peripheral proliferation were defined by the sj/βTREC ratio, and signal joint T-cell receptor excision circles (sjTREC) and Ki67 expression, respectively. In parous women a decrease in sjTREC/105 cells and CD45RA+ T lymphocytes, compared to nulliparous group was found. At the same time, the proportion of FOXP3-CD45RA+CD4+ cells, but not FOXP3+CD45RA+ Tregs was reduced. In contrast, in patients with unsuccessful pregnancy, proportions of both regulatory and non-regulatory T cell counterparts were lower. Taken together, our results provide evidence for group-specific properties in the CD45RA+ T cell compartment between healthy parous, nulliparous and women with unexplained infertility. •Pregnancy does not impact thymic output.•Pregnancy affects CD45RA+T cells proliferation in a long-term manner.•CD45RA+ Treg cells are decreased in patients with unexplained infertility.•FOXP3+/FOXP3- CD45RA+CD4+T cells ratio may be associated with unexplained infertility.