Detection of BRAFV600E by digital PCR on fine-needle aspirate enables rapid initiation of dabrafenib and trametinib in unresectable anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

Introduction Recently, targeted therapies using BRAFV600E and MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib and trametinib, respectively) have been recommended in BRAF-mutated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Considering the fast development of ATC, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) performed on fine-needle aspirate (FNA), which is a rapid, reliable, and low-cost method, appears interesting for the detection of BRAFV600E mutation in these patients and allows early initiation of targeted therapies. Results In our two patients, both presenting extensive cervical masses inaccessible to surgery, ddPCR results were available in less than 24 h. Therefore, dabrafenib and trametinib were started only a few days after first contact. Conclusions We suggest that ddPCR on FNA be used in non-resectable cervical masses for rapid BRAFV600E mutation detection in the hope that starting targeted therapies early might improve outcomes.