Passives of Spanish Subject-Experiencer Psychological Verbs are Adjectival Passives

This paper argues that < ‘to be’ + past participle> constructions with subject-experiencer psychological verbs are adjectival passives, contra the received view that < + past participle> constructions are verbal passives across the board. We put forth a battery of morphological, syntactic and semantic tests to support our claim. The divide, we argue, is based on the individual-level/stage-level distinction, rather than on the lexical category of the participle. We provide a theoretical, aspect-based account that generates the distribution of and in verbal and adjectival participles and paves the way for a comprehensive analysis of the and distribution across other constructions where the alternation is attested, such as underived adjectives and prepositions.