The Vázquez maximum principle and the Landis conjecture for elliptic PDE with unbounded coefficients

We develop a new, unified approach to the following two classical questions on elliptic PDE:•the strong maximum principle for equations with non-Lipschitz nonlinearities,•the at most exponential decay of solutions in the whole space or exterior domains. Our results apply to divergence and non-divergence operators with locally unbounded lower-order coefficients, in a number of situations where all previous results required bounded ingredients. Our approach, which allows for relatively simple and short proofs, is based on a (weak) Harnack inequality with optimal dependence of the constants in the lower-order terms of the equation and the size of the domain, which we establish.