Optimization of nucleotides dephosphorylation for RNA structural characterization by tandem mass spectrometry hyphenated with separation methods

•Optimization of two dephosphorylation protocols for nucleotides.•Fully dephosphorylated nucleosides in 4 h with 7.5 U of alkaline phosphatase.•Fully dephosphorylated nucleosides overnight with 3.0 U of alkaline phosphatase. As part of RNA characterization, the identification of post-transcriptional modifications can be performed using hyphenation of separation methods with mass spectrometry. To identify RNA modifications with those methods, a first total digestion followed by a dephosphorylation step are usually required to reduce RNA to nucleosides. Even though effective digestion and dephosphorylation are essential to avoid further complications in analysis and data interpretation, to our knowledge, no standard protocol is yet referenced in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this work is to optimize the dephosphorylation step using a total extract of transfer RNA (tRNA)11tRNA: transfer RNA. from B. taurus as a model and to determine and fix two protocols, leading to complete dephosphorylation, based on time and bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP)22BAP: bacterial alkaline phosphatase. consumptions. Capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) was used to estimate the dephosphorylation efficiency of both protocols on many canonical and modified nucleotides. For a timesaving protocol, we established that full dephosphorylation was obtained after a 4-hour incubation at 37 °C with 7.5 U of BAP for 1 µg of tRNA. And for a BAP-saving protocol, we established that full dephosphorylation was obtained 3.0 U of BAP after an overnight incubation at 37 °C. Both protocols are suitable for quantitative analyses as no loss of analytes is expected. Moreover, they can be widely used for all other RNA classes, including messenger RNA or ribosomal RNA.