Analysis and future perspectives for the application of Dynamic Real-Time Optimization to solar thermal plants: A review

This review provides a deep analysis of the different methodologies to improve the operation of solar thermal plants based on mathematical optimization. The various schemes found in the literature to determine the optimal operational strategy are classified depending on two criteria: time dependence (static or dynamic) and with feedback or not from the plant (real-time or offline). This review shows that offline dynamic optimization is performed on solar thermal plants in research papers but highlights the lack of real-time optimization studies. The analysis work conducted in this review, based on studies of the operation of solar systems but also on process engineering research articles, shows that dynamic real-time optimization seems capable of handling the intermittency of the solar radiation and well suited to improve the operation of a solar thermal plant. Indeed, the daily and seasonal variations of weather and heat demand associated with the uncertainty of their forecasts make the operation of such systems very challenging. This paper details the different ways to implement Dynamic Real-Time Optimization, and the possible improvements to the classical scheme. Perspectives on the application of Dynamic Real-Time Optimization in association with a planning phase to plan a smart use of storage are described. Although it has not been studied in depth in the literature, the Dynamic Real-Time Optimization of a solar thermal plant including storage should be investigated in order to maximize the benefits from the heat sold, extend the time period where the heat demand is met and reduce the consumption of back up fossil fuels. •A literature review of control and optimization of solar thermal plants is provided.•There are challenges associated with weather and demand variations and forecasts.•Dynamic Real-Time Optimization schemes are presented with examples.•Dynamic Real-Time Optimization is well-suited to optimize the solar plant operation.•A planning phase should be added for a better storage management.