Prophylactic manual rotation of occiput posterior and transverse positions to decrease operative delivery: the PROPOP randomized clinical trial

Persistent occiput posterior and occiput transverse positions are the most common malpositions of the fetal head during labor and are associated with prolonged second stage of labor, cesarean deliveries, instrumental deliveries, severe perineal tears, postpartum hemorrhage, and chorioamnionitis. Manual rotation is one of several strategies described to deal with these malpositions. This study aimed to determine if the trial of prophylactic manual rotation at the early second stage of labor is associated with a decrease in operative deliveries (instrumental and/or cesarean deliveries). We conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial in 4 French hospitals. Women with singleton term pregnancy and occiput posterior or occiput transverse position confirmed by ultrasound at the early second stage of labor and with epidural analgesia were eligible. Women were randomly assigned (1:1) to either undergo a trial of prophylactic manual rotation of occiput posterior or occiput transverse position (intervention group) or no trial of prophylactic manual rotation (standard group). The primary outcome was operative delivery (instrumental and/or cesarean deliveries). The secondary outcomes were length of the second stage of labor, maternal complications (postpartum hemorrhage, operative complications during cesarean delivery, episiotomy and perineal tears), and neonatal complications (Apgar score of