Immune response to rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in patients with non-HIV secondary immunodeficiencies

•Rabies vaccine response may be altered in immunocompromissed (IC) individuals.•The immunigenicity of rabies PEP was assessed in IC patients.•An inadequate response was documenetd in 6/28 patients using ELISA.•Inadequate response was unpredictable and not explained by the variables studied.•This study supports the systematic assessment of post-PEP response in IC patients. This study sought to determine the proportion of individuals with non-HIV secondary immunodeficiencies presenting inadequate antibody titers after rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and to identify variables associated with inadequate response. A retrospective review of the records of immunocompromised patients having received a full course of PEP after a rabies exposure and having been tested for post-PPE antibody titers in two French Antirabies Clinics, between 2013 and 2018, was conducted. Antibody titers