ESR chronology of alluvial deposits and first human settlements of the Middle Loire Basin (Region Centre, France)

Since 1970, many prehistoric sites have been discovered in the alluvial terraces of several rivers of the Middle Loire River basin (France). During the last decade, the stepped-terraces systems of three of the Loire tributaries, the Creuse, the Cher and the Loir Rivers, were the focus of multidisciplinary studies, involving Quaternary geology, prehistory and geochronology. The geochronological data now available for these systems were mainly obtained by electron spin resonance (ESR) method applied to optically bleached fluvial quartz. These results provide a chronological framework for the evolution of fluvial systems and the human settlements of this area during Lower and Middle Pleistocene. Two phases of human settlement could be distinguished, around 1.1 Ma (Early Palaeolithic – Mode 1) and around 0.7 Ma ago (Acheulean – Mode II).