NEMATOOLS : Développement d’outils pour la maîtrise durable du risque nématodes en plant de pomme de terre et cultures en rotation

Nematools project aimed at reinforcing prophylactic methods to prevent introduction and disseminationof regulated phytoparasites nematodes Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax, Globodera pallida and G.rostochiensis which are serious threats for potato crops and to improve the control strategies in order to preserve the privileged health status of the French territory. This project made it possible to developnew molecular tools for the detection of root-knot nematodes in soil samples, and later their validationon a collection of nematode populations established during the project. The risk analysis on thedissemination of nematodes related to agricultural practices have led firstly to the development of aconceptual model for the identification of management strategies for the use of agricultural equipment atrisk and on the other hand to highlight and to quantify the importance of cyst nematodes dispersal bythe soil practices and by soil-adhering to agricultural machinery at the field and at the farm scale. Theactions carried out in partnership with industrials and with experimental stations made it possible toproduce a user-friendly risk analysis tool characterizing the critical phases of different waste and effluenttreatment processes and providing answers on the sanitizing performances of different decontaminationprocesses such as composting, lagooning, anaerobic digestion, chlorination, and heat treatment. Thisproject also allowed to screen, under controlled conditions, plant species which are not conducive to thedevelopment and propagation of root-knot nematodes such as M. chitwoodi and M. fallax and may beproposed as rupture plants on contaminated sites Les actions conduites dans le cadre du projet de recherche Nematools visaient à renforcer lesméthodes prophylactiques pour prévenir l’introduction et la dissémination des nématodesphytoparasites réglementés Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax, Globodera pallida et G. rostochiensis.Ces nématodes constituent des menaces sérieuses pour diverses cultures, dont la pomme de terre, etconduisent à repenser les stratégies de lutte afin de préserver l’état sanitaire privilégié du territoirenational. Le projet a permis le développement de nouveaux outils moléculaires de détection desnématodes à galle dans des échantillons de sol, outils validés sur une collection de populations denématodes constituée pendant la durée du projet. Les travaux portant sur l’analyse du risque dedissémination des nématodes, associés aux pratiqu