Warming effects on morphological and physiological performances of four subtropical montane tree species

Key message In a downward transplantation experiment, warming stimulated growth and photosynthesis of Schima superba Gardn. et Champ., Syzygium rehderianum Merr. et Perry and Itea chinensis Hook. et Arn. via increased stomatal conductance. Warming had no effect on growth of Machilus breviflora (Benth.) Hemsl., indicating species-specific differences in response to warming. Context Climate change has been shown to shift species composition and community structure in subtropical forests. Thus, understanding the species-specific responses of growth and physiological processes to warming is essential. Aims To investigate how climate warming affects growth, morphological and physiological performance of co-occurring tree species when they are growing at different altitudes. Methods Soils and 1-year-old seedlings of four subtropical co-occurring tree species ( Schima superba Gardn. et Champ., Syzygium rehderianum Merr. et Perry, Itea chinensis Hook. et Arn. and Machilus breviflora (Benth.) Hemsl.) were transplanted to three altitudes (600 m, 300 m and 30 m a.s.l.), inducing an effective warming of 1.0 °C and 1.5 °C. Growth, morphological, and physiological performances of these seedlings were monitored. Results When exposed to warmer conditions, aboveground growth of the four species except M. breviflora was strongly promoted, accompanied by increased light-saturated photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Warming also significantly increased concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves of S. rehderianum and M. breviflora , stems of S. superba and S. rehderianum , and roots of I. chinensis . However, we did not detect any effect of warming on stomatal length and stomatal density. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that climate warming could have species-specific impacts on co-occurring tree species, which might subsequently shift species composition and forest structure.