Evanescent waves in two-dimensional fluid-saturated porous metamaterials with a transversely isotropic matrix

Wave propagation in a two-dimensional periodic fluid-saturated porous metamaterial (FSPM) is investigated. The constitutive relation considered for fluid-saturated porous materials is based on Biot's homogeneization theory. Such media generally support two shear and two longitudinal elastic waves. Anisotropic wave propagation results both from anisotropy of the solid matrix and from the periodic structure of the metamaterial. Special attention is devoted to the dispersion and attenuation of evanescent Bloch waves in a FSPM whose matrix is transversely isotropic in which case in-plane elastic waves are a superposition of one shear wave and of two longitudinal waves. Bloch waves, complex band structures, and transmission properties are obtained numerically using finite element analysis. The case of homogeneous fluid-saturated porous media is considered since numerical simulations can be compared directly with analytic results in this case. The effects of material anisotropy and of fluid viscosity on wave propagation in two-dimensional FSPM are then discussed. It is found that wave-number band gaps appear in the complex band structure of the lossless FSPM due to the interference of waves with different but nonorthogonal polarizations. Wave-number band gaps are connected continuously by complex-frequency bands, hence, defining stop bands in the time domain. No complete frequency band gaps are found in two-dimensional lossless FSPM, in contrast to the one-dimensional case [Y.-F. Wang et al. Phys. Rev. B 99, 134304 (2019)] due to the presence of the additional quasishear wave accompanying the two quasilongitudinal waves. Both the complex band structure and the transmission properties are affected by the anisotropy of the solid matrix. Wide transmission dips come up when viscosity is introduced as a result of the strong attenuation and the coupling of all wave polarizations. Concurrently, wave-number band gaps are washed out by viscosity. This theoretical paper has relevance to practical applications of fluid-saturated porous metamaterials, e.g., in concrete structures and geological soils.