2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Metabolism in Transgenic Tolerant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

The metabolic fate of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied in leaves of transgenic 2,4-D-tolerant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), which is obtained by transfer of the tfdA gene from the bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus. The tdfA gene codes for a dioxygenase catalyzing the degradation of 2,4-D to 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). [phenyl-14C]-2,4-D was administered by petiolar absorption followed by an 18 h water chase or converted to the isopropyl ester and sprayed onto the leaf surface; the leaves were harvested 48 h later. The herbicide was degraded to 2,4-DCP by the bacterial enzyme expressed in the plants. 2,4-DCP was rapidly converted to more polar metabolites and was never found in detectable amounts. Metabolite structures were deduced from enzymatic hydrolysis studies and mass spectrometric analyses. The first metabolite was the glucoside conjugate of 2,4-DCP (2,4-DCP−β-O-glucoside). The major terminal metabolites were two more complex glucosides: 2,4-DCP−(6-O-malonyl)glucoside and 2,4-DCP−(6-O-sulfate)glucoside. Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum; herbicide metabolism; transgenic plant; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; glucosyl−sulfate conjugate