Preconditioning delays Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition

We investigated whether ischemic preconditioning (PC) may modify mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening. In protocol 1, New Zealand White rabbits underwent either no intervention (sham group) or 10 min of ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion, preceded (PC) or not (C; control) by one episode of 5 min of ischemia and 5 min of reperfusion. Rabbits were pretreated by either saline or the MPT pore inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA), or its non-immunosuppressive derivative Cs29 (10 mg/kg, IV bolus). Hearts were harvested and mitochondria isolated for further assessment of Ca(2+)-induced MPT using a Ca(2+)-sensitive micro-electrode. In protocol 2, C and PC hearts underwent 30 min of ischemia and 4 h of reperfusion. They were pretreated either by saline, CsA or Cs29, as in protocol 1. Infarct size was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium, and apoptosis by TUNEL staining. In protocol 1, the Ca(2+) overload required to induce MPT pore opening was significantly higher in PC than in C hearts. CsA and Cs29 significantly increased the Ca(2+) overload required for MPT pore opening. In protocol 2, mean infarct size averaged 25% of the risk region in CsA/Cs29 treated hearts versus 15% in PC and 55% in controls (P