Velocity distribution in open channel flow with spatially distributed roughness

A numerical procedure is proposed to estimate the velocity distribution in open channel flow, for engineering applications. A method based on the mixing length model and sub-division of the wetted surface, is modified to easily integrate a lateral distribution of roughness. Several friction models for vegetated or rough flows can be added, two of which have been tested. The numerical procedure was developed with a commercial software (Matlab) to ensure fast computation and possible coupling with 1D hydraulic models. The validation of the computation has been done with rectangular and compound channels with spatially distributed roughness. The usefulness of the method for ecohydraulics is demonstrated with two applications: box culvert design for fish passes and 1D modelling of mountain river flows for which experimental results from a laboratory scale-model is compared to predictions. The interest of a friction law calibrated with a real grain roughness size is put forward.