Acute effects of steroid hormones and neuropeptides on human social–emotional behavior: A review of single administration studies

Research highlights ► Steroids and peptides mediate a diverse array of animal social–emotional behaviors. ► Recently, new methods led to studies validating endocrine animal models in humans. ► Studies in humans show social–emotional behavior is still under hormonal influence. ► Testosterone and vasopressin are involved in dealing with (social) challenges. ► Oxytocin and estradiol regulate in-group social bonding and caring behavior.