On the origins of transient thermal deformation of concrete

The conditions that lead to Transient Thermal Deformation (TTD), also called Thermal Transient Creep (TTC), of concrete subjected to various temperatures and compressive loads in sealed conditions are analysed and a model based on a two-scale porosity is proposed. In this model, water expands in the smaller pores and diffuses progressively to the capillary pores at the upper scale. It is then shown that the water overpressure in smaller pores and the duration of the diffusion process between the two scales of porosity control the TTD. It is also shown that creep or shrinkage before the temperature transition mitigates TTD. The aim is to provide a model able to predict the conditions for TTD to appear and the amplitude of the TTD under various thermo-mechanical conditions. The TTD model is implemented in an existing basic creep model, fitted and compared with different experimental results.