Challenges of Enzymes, Conidia and 6-Pentyl-alpha-pyrone Production from Solid-State-Fermentation of Agroindustrial Wastes Using Experimental Design and T. asperellum Strains

In a context of growing awareness regarding environmental protection, biomass valorization is gaining a lot of attention. The byproducts volumes generated by agro-industry are massive and, left to decay, can constitute environmental pollutions. Use of agro-industrial wastes and solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology offers advantages to produce value-added products such as antibiotics, pigments, aromas and enzymes of industrial interest like cellulases, chitinases, amylases, etc. Several studies have already demonstrated the advantages of SSF for the production of fungal metabolites, yet the optimal conditions for metabolites production strongly depend on the culture conditions and microbial strain utilized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the conidia, lytic enzymes (cellulase, lipase and amylase), and antifungal—6-pentyl-alpha-pyrones (6-PP)—production by three Trichoderma asperellum strains cultivated using SSF. Designs of experiments have been achieved in order to identify influential factors on 6-PP, conidia and enzymes (cellulase, lipase, and amylase) production by the fungal culture. A significantly enzymes activities, conidiation and 6-PP production were observed on mix of substrates: vine shoots, potatoes flour, jatropha, olive pomace and olive oil on high carbon/nitrogen ratio 37 which was used by T. asperellum TV104 as a source of nutrients and also as a matrix. Graphic Abstract