Beyond scalar, vector, and tensor harmonics in maximally symmetric three-dimensional spaces

We present a comprehensive construction of scalar, vector, and tensor harmonics on maximally symmetric three-dimensional spaces. Our formalism relies on the introduction of spin-weighted spherical harmonics and a generalized helicity basis which, together, are ideal tools for decomposing harmonics into their radial and angular dependencies. We provide a thorough and self-contained set of expressions and relations for these harmonics. Being general, our formalism also allows us to build harmonics of higher tensor type by recursion among radial functions, and we collect the complete set of recursive relations which can be used. While the formalism is readily adapted to computation of CMB transfer functions, we also collect explicit forms of the radial harmonics which are needed for other cosmological observables. Finally, we show that in curved spaces, normal modes cannot be factorized into a local angular dependence and a unit norm function encoding the orbital dependence of the harmonics, contrary to previous statements in the literature.