Tipping point in plant–fungal interactions under severe drought causes abrupt rise in peatland ecosystem respiration
Ecosystems are increasingly prone to climate extremes, such as drought, with long‐lasting effects on both plant and soil communities and, subsequently, on carbon (C) cycling. However, recent studies underlined the strong variability in ecosystem's response to droughts, raising the issue of nonl...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Global change biology 2018-03, Vol.24 (3), p.972-986 |
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creator | Jassey, Vincent E. J. Reczuga, Monika K. Zielińska, Małgorzata Słowińska, Sandra Robroek, Bjorn J. M. Mariotte, Pierre Seppey, Christophe V. W. Lara, Enrique Barabach, Jan Słowiński, Michał Bragazza, Luca Chojnicki, Bogdan H. Lamentowicz, Mariusz Mitchell, Edward A. D. Buttler, Alexandre |
description | Ecosystems are increasingly prone to climate extremes, such as drought, with long‐lasting effects on both plant and soil communities and, subsequently, on carbon (C) cycling. However, recent studies underlined the strong variability in ecosystem's response to droughts, raising the issue of nonlinear responses in plant and soil communities. The conundrum is what causes ecosystems to shift in response to drought. Here, we investigated the response of plant and soil fungi to drought of different intensities using a water table gradient in peatlands—a major C sink ecosystem. Using moving window structural equation models, we show that substantial changes in ecosystem respiration, plant and soil fungal communities occurred when the water level fell below a tipping point of −24 cm. As a corollary, ecosystem respiration was the greatest when graminoids and saprotrophic fungi became prevalent as a response to the extreme drought. Graminoids indirectly influenced fungal functional composition and soil enzyme activities through their direct effect on dissolved organic matter quality, while saprotrophic fungi directly influenced soil enzyme activities. In turn, increasing enzyme activities promoted ecosystem respiration. We show that functional transitions in ecosystem respiration critically depend on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards a truly mechanistic understanding of the effects of drought on ecosystem processes.
Drought is one of the greatest threat to peatlands—a major carbon sink ecosystem. Using a water level gradient, we find that Sphagnum‐dominated peatlands suddenly release more CO2 when the water level falls 24 cm below the surface due to shifts in plant and soil interactions. In particular, we show that sudden CO2 release critically depends on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards better predictions of peatland response to drought. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/gcb.13928 |
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Drought is one of the greatest threat to peatlands—a major carbon sink ecosystem. Using a water level gradient, we find that Sphagnum‐dominated peatlands suddenly release more CO2 when the water level falls 24 cm below the surface due to shifts in plant and soil interactions. In particular, we show that sudden CO2 release critically depends on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. 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J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reczuga, Monika K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zielińska, Małgorzata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Słowińska, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robroek, Bjorn J. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariotte, Pierre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seppey, Christophe V. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lara, Enrique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barabach, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Słowiński, Michał</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bragazza, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chojnicki, Bogdan H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lamentowicz, Mariusz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitchell, Edward A. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buttler, Alexandre</creatorcontrib><title>Tipping point in plant–fungal interactions under severe drought causes abrupt rise in peatland ecosystem respiration</title><title>Global change biology</title><addtitle>Glob Chang Biol</addtitle><description>Ecosystems are increasingly prone to climate extremes, such as drought, with long‐lasting effects on both plant and soil communities and, subsequently, on carbon (C) cycling. However, recent studies underlined the strong variability in ecosystem's response to droughts, raising the issue of nonlinear responses in plant and soil communities. The conundrum is what causes ecosystems to shift in response to drought. Here, we investigated the response of plant and soil fungi to drought of different intensities using a water table gradient in peatlands—a major C sink ecosystem. Using moving window structural equation models, we show that substantial changes in ecosystem respiration, plant and soil fungal communities occurred when the water level fell below a tipping point of −24 cm. As a corollary, ecosystem respiration was the greatest when graminoids and saprotrophic fungi became prevalent as a response to the extreme drought. Graminoids indirectly influenced fungal functional composition and soil enzyme activities through their direct effect on dissolved organic matter quality, while saprotrophic fungi directly influenced soil enzyme activities. In turn, increasing enzyme activities promoted ecosystem respiration. We show that functional transitions in ecosystem respiration critically depend on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards a truly mechanistic understanding of the effects of drought on ecosystem processes.
Drought is one of the greatest threat to peatlands—a major carbon sink ecosystem. Using a water level gradient, we find that Sphagnum‐dominated peatlands suddenly release more CO2 when the water level falls 24 cm below the surface due to shifts in plant and soil interactions. In particular, we show that sudden CO2 release critically depends on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards better predictions of peatland response to drought.</description><subject>biodiversity–ecosystem functioning</subject><subject>Carbon cycle</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Dissolved organic matter</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>ecosystem shifts</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environment models</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>fungal diversity</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Global Changes</subject><subject>Groundwater table</subject><subject>hydrolases</subject><subject>Interactions</subject><subject>Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Mathematics and natural science: 400</subject><subject>moving window structural equation model</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>oxidases</subject><subject>Peatlands</subject><subject>Plant communities</subject><subject>plant–soil feedbacks</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil investigations</subject><subject>Soil microorganisms</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Structural equation modeling</subject><subject>threshold</subject><subject>VDP</subject><subject>Water levels</subject><subject>Water table</subject><subject>Water table gradient</subject><issn>1354-1013</issn><issn>1365-2486</issn><issn>1365-2486</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>3HK</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kcFuFSEUhidGY2t14QsoiRtd3BYYBphlvdHW5CZu6poAc-aWZi6MwNzm7nwH37BPUqZTa2IiG8jJly_n56-qtwSfknLOttackrql8ll1TGrerCiT_Pn8btiKYFIfVa9SusEY1xTzl9URlW1LGJbH1f7KjaPzWzQG5zNyHo2D9vnu1-9-8ls9lEmGqG12wSc0-Q4iSrCHCKiLYdpeZ2T1lCAhbeI0ZhRdggcN6FxMHQIb0iFl2KEIaXRRz6rX1YteDwnePN4n1Y-vX67Wl6vN94tv6_PNyjLG5YqwRjQdJ8b0smtawfvGCmOIELXFurWSEmtJ2whhe6hpRwWX3FJrsOW1AVOfVJ8W77Ue1BjdTseDCtqpy_ONmmeY1kK0UuxJYd8vrC0ZsvPKh6gVKZ8mFBGNxIX4uBBjDD8nSFntXLIwlJwQpqRIy1osWY1n2Yd_0JswRV-yKooxZZQLyv6uZ2NIKUL_tCPBaq5WlWrVQ7WFffdonMwOuifyT5cFOFuAWzfA4f8mdbH-vCjvAaRNrWQ</recordid><startdate>201803</startdate><enddate>201803</enddate><creator>Jassey, Vincent E. 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J. ; Reczuga, Monika K. ; Zielińska, Małgorzata ; Słowińska, Sandra ; Robroek, Bjorn J. M. ; Mariotte, Pierre ; Seppey, Christophe V. W. ; Lara, Enrique ; Barabach, Jan ; Słowiński, Michał ; Bragazza, Luca ; Chojnicki, Bogdan H. ; Lamentowicz, Mariusz ; Mitchell, Edward A. 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J.</au><au>Reczuga, Monika K.</au><au>Zielińska, Małgorzata</au><au>Słowińska, Sandra</au><au>Robroek, Bjorn J. M.</au><au>Mariotte, Pierre</au><au>Seppey, Christophe V. W.</au><au>Lara, Enrique</au><au>Barabach, Jan</au><au>Słowiński, Michał</au><au>Bragazza, Luca</au><au>Chojnicki, Bogdan H.</au><au>Lamentowicz, Mariusz</au><au>Mitchell, Edward A. D.</au><au>Buttler, Alexandre</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tipping point in plant–fungal interactions under severe drought causes abrupt rise in peatland ecosystem respiration</atitle><jtitle>Global change biology</jtitle><addtitle>Glob Chang Biol</addtitle><date>2018-03</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>972</spage><epage>986</epage><pages>972-986</pages><issn>1354-1013</issn><issn>1365-2486</issn><eissn>1365-2486</eissn><abstract>Ecosystems are increasingly prone to climate extremes, such as drought, with long‐lasting effects on both plant and soil communities and, subsequently, on carbon (C) cycling. However, recent studies underlined the strong variability in ecosystem's response to droughts, raising the issue of nonlinear responses in plant and soil communities. The conundrum is what causes ecosystems to shift in response to drought. Here, we investigated the response of plant and soil fungi to drought of different intensities using a water table gradient in peatlands—a major C sink ecosystem. Using moving window structural equation models, we show that substantial changes in ecosystem respiration, plant and soil fungal communities occurred when the water level fell below a tipping point of −24 cm. As a corollary, ecosystem respiration was the greatest when graminoids and saprotrophic fungi became prevalent as a response to the extreme drought. Graminoids indirectly influenced fungal functional composition and soil enzyme activities through their direct effect on dissolved organic matter quality, while saprotrophic fungi directly influenced soil enzyme activities. In turn, increasing enzyme activities promoted ecosystem respiration. We show that functional transitions in ecosystem respiration critically depend on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards a truly mechanistic understanding of the effects of drought on ecosystem processes.
Drought is one of the greatest threat to peatlands—a major carbon sink ecosystem. Using a water level gradient, we find that Sphagnum‐dominated peatlands suddenly release more CO2 when the water level falls 24 cm below the surface due to shifts in plant and soil interactions. In particular, we show that sudden CO2 release critically depends on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards better predictions of peatland response to drought.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>28991408</pmid><doi>10.1111/gcb.13928</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-1530</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8570-8742</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-2682</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-7384</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-506X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-2437</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6714-0652</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-522X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1615-1113</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-4060</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-284X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-4573</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | biodiversity–ecosystem functioning Carbon cycle Composition Dissolved organic matter Drought ecosystem shifts Ecosystems Environment models Environmental changes Environmental Sciences Enzymes fungal diversity Fungi Global Changes Groundwater table hydrolases Interactions Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 Mathematical models Mathematics and natural science: 400 moving window structural equation model Organic matter oxidases Peatlands Plant communities plant–soil feedbacks Respiration Soil Soil investigations Soil microorganisms Soils Structural equation modeling threshold VDP Water levels Water table Water table gradient |
title | Tipping point in plant–fungal interactions under severe drought causes abrupt rise in peatland ecosystem respiration |
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