Tipping point in plant–fungal interactions under severe drought causes abrupt rise in peatland ecosystem respiration

Ecosystems are increasingly prone to climate extremes, such as drought, with long‐lasting effects on both plant and soil communities and, subsequently, on carbon (C) cycling. However, recent studies underlined the strong variability in ecosystem's response to droughts, raising the issue of nonl...

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Veröffentlicht in:Global change biology 2018-03, Vol.24 (3), p.972-986
Hauptverfasser: Jassey, Vincent E. J., Reczuga, Monika K., Zielińska, Małgorzata, Słowińska, Sandra, Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Mariotte, Pierre, Seppey, Christophe V. W., Lara, Enrique, Barabach, Jan, Słowiński, Michał, Bragazza, Luca, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Mitchell, Edward A. D., Buttler, Alexandre
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container_end_page 986
container_issue 3
container_start_page 972
container_title Global change biology
container_volume 24
creator Jassey, Vincent E. J.
Reczuga, Monika K.
Zielińska, Małgorzata
Słowińska, Sandra
Robroek, Bjorn J. M.
Mariotte, Pierre
Seppey, Christophe V. W.
Lara, Enrique
Barabach, Jan
Słowiński, Michał
Bragazza, Luca
Chojnicki, Bogdan H.
Lamentowicz, Mariusz
Mitchell, Edward A. D.
Buttler, Alexandre
description Ecosystems are increasingly prone to climate extremes, such as drought, with long‐lasting effects on both plant and soil communities and, subsequently, on carbon (C) cycling. However, recent studies underlined the strong variability in ecosystem's response to droughts, raising the issue of nonlinear responses in plant and soil communities. The conundrum is what causes ecosystems to shift in response to drought. Here, we investigated the response of plant and soil fungi to drought of different intensities using a water table gradient in peatlands—a major C sink ecosystem. Using moving window structural equation models, we show that substantial changes in ecosystem respiration, plant and soil fungal communities occurred when the water level fell below a tipping point of −24 cm. As a corollary, ecosystem respiration was the greatest when graminoids and saprotrophic fungi became prevalent as a response to the extreme drought. Graminoids indirectly influenced fungal functional composition and soil enzyme activities through their direct effect on dissolved organic matter quality, while saprotrophic fungi directly influenced soil enzyme activities. In turn, increasing enzyme activities promoted ecosystem respiration. We show that functional transitions in ecosystem respiration critically depend on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards a truly mechanistic understanding of the effects of drought on ecosystem processes. Drought is one of the greatest threat to peatlands—a major carbon sink ecosystem. Using a water level gradient, we find that Sphagnum‐dominated peatlands suddenly release more CO2 when the water level falls 24 cm below the surface due to shifts in plant and soil interactions. In particular, we show that sudden CO2 release critically depends on the degree of response of graminoids and saprotrophic fungi to drought. Our results represent a major advance in understanding the nonlinear nature of ecosystem properties to drought and pave the way towards better predictions of peatland response to drought.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/gcb.13928
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identifier ISSN: 1354-1013
ispartof Global change biology, 2018-03, Vol.24 (3), p.972-986
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language eng
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source NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects biodiversity–ecosystem functioning
Carbon cycle
Composition
Dissolved organic matter
Drought
ecosystem shifts
Ecosystems
Environment models
Environmental changes
Environmental Sciences
Enzymes
fungal diversity
Fungi
Global Changes
Groundwater table
hydrolases
Interactions
Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400
Mathematical models
Mathematics and natural science: 400
moving window structural equation model
Organic matter
oxidases
Peatlands
Plant communities
plant–soil feedbacks
Respiration
Soil
Soil investigations
Soil microorganisms
Soils
Structural equation modeling
threshold
VDP
Water levels
Water table
Water table gradient
title Tipping point in plant–fungal interactions under severe drought causes abrupt rise in peatland ecosystem respiration
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