How ultrasonography can contribute to diagnosis of craniosynostosis

The aim of this article was to provide an overview of ultrasound (US) techniques for the investigation of cranial sutures in infants. We first describe a high-resolution sonography technique and its limitations. We then analyze the reliability, effectiveness and role of ultrasonography in routine practice using a PubMed literature review. Ten studies reported excellent correlations between ultrasonography and 3D-CT. Cranial US for the diagnosis of a closed suture had 100% sensitivity in 8 studies and 86–100% specificity before the age of 12 months. Negative findings mean imaging investigation can be stopped. If ultrasonography confirms diagnosis, neurosurgical consultation is required. Thus, 3D-CT can be postponed until appropriate before surgery. Cranial suture ultrasound is an effective and reliable technique for the diagnosis of craniosynostosis. It has many advantages: it is fast and non-irradiating, and no sedation is required. It should be used as first-line imaging in infants below the age of 8–12 months when craniosynostosis is clinically suspected.