Combining the Runge Approximation and the Whitney Embedding Theorem in Hybrid Imaging

Abstract This paper addresses enforcing non-vanishing constraints for solutions to a 2nd-order elliptic partial differential equation by appropriate choices of boundary conditions. We show that, in dimension $d\geq 2$, under suitable regularity assumptions, the family of $2d$ solutions such that their Jacobian has maximal rank in the domain is both open and dense. The case of less regular coefficients is also addressed, together with other constraints, which are relevant for applications to recent hybrid imaging modalities. Our approach is based on the combination of the Runge approximation property and the Whitney projection argument [ 44]. The method is very general and can be used in other settings.