Limitation of XPS for analysis of wood species containing high amounts of lipophilic extractives
Chemical composition of Norway spruce and pine, two softwood species, has been investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Contrary to results previously obtained with beech wood, which allow to obtain information on bulk chemical composition from surface composition analysis, XPS analys...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Wood science and technology 2011-05, Vol.45 (2), p.369-382 |
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| creator | Nguila Inari, G Pétrissans, M Dumarcay, S Lambert, J Ehrhardt, J. J Šernek, M Gérardin, P |
| description | Chemical composition of Norway spruce and pine, two softwood species, has been investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Contrary to results previously obtained with beech wood, which allow to obtain information on bulk chemical composition from surface composition analysis, XPS analysis appears to be unsuitable for the characterisation of Norway spruce and pine wood chemical composition. Indeed, chemical compositions calculated from XPS data differ strongly from those obtained from microanalyses which are in good agreement with theoretical composition described in the literature. XPS analysis of both the softwood surfaces indicated high carbon contents explained by migration of lipophilic extractives to the surface under the influence of the vacuum necessary for XPS analysis. Nonvolatile extractives contained in wood were extracted and deposited on glass plates and analysed. Survey and detailed C1s spectra indicated similar signals to those recorded on wood surfaces. This phenomenon was not observed when samples had been previously extracted before analysis. These results strongly evidenced that extractives present in both species are able to migrate through resin canals from the bulk of the sample to the surface when put into ultra high vacuum. XPS presents, therefore, some limits in the case of the analysis of softwood species containing extractives able to migrate to the surface during analysis. This behaviour, difficult to control, could lead to erroneous interpretations due to extractives enrichment of the surface under the effect of vacuum. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00226-010-0324-8 |
| format | Article |
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J ; Šernek, M ; Gérardin, P</creator><creatorcontrib>Nguila Inari, G ; Pétrissans, M ; Dumarcay, S ; Lambert, J ; Ehrhardt, J. J ; Šernek, M ; Gérardin, P</creatorcontrib><description>Chemical composition of Norway spruce and pine, two softwood species, has been investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Contrary to results previously obtained with beech wood, which allow to obtain information on bulk chemical composition from surface composition analysis, XPS analysis appears to be unsuitable for the characterisation of Norway spruce and pine wood chemical composition. Indeed, chemical compositions calculated from XPS data differ strongly from those obtained from microanalyses which are in good agreement with theoretical composition described in the literature. XPS analysis of both the softwood surfaces indicated high carbon contents explained by migration of lipophilic extractives to the surface under the influence of the vacuum necessary for XPS analysis. Nonvolatile extractives contained in wood were extracted and deposited on glass plates and analysed. Survey and detailed C1s spectra indicated similar signals to those recorded on wood surfaces. This phenomenon was not observed when samples had been previously extracted before analysis. These results strongly evidenced that extractives present in both species are able to migrate through resin canals from the bulk of the sample to the surface when put into ultra high vacuum. XPS presents, therefore, some limits in the case of the analysis of softwood species containing extractives able to migrate to the surface during analysis. This behaviour, difficult to control, could lead to erroneous interpretations due to extractives enrichment of the surface under the effect of vacuum.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-7719</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-5225</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00226-010-0324-8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Beech ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Canals ; carbon ; Ceramics ; Chemical and Process Engineering ; Chemical composition ; Composites ; Engineering Sciences ; Fagus ; Glass ; Glass plates ; High vacuum ; Life Sciences ; Lipophilic ; Machines ; Manufacturing ; Migration ; Migratory species ; Natural Materials ; Organic chemistry ; Original ; Photoelectron spectroscopy ; Photoelectrons ; Picea abies ; Pine trees ; Processes ; resin canals ; softwood ; Softwoods ; Species ; Spectrum analysis ; Vacuum ; Wood ; Wood Science & Technology ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Wood science and technology, 2011-05, Vol.45 (2), p.369-382</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2010</rights><rights>Wood Science and Technology is a copyright of Springer, (2010). All Rights Reserved.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-3b78cf3d9b591d1dad6ef0df70a9e3946062852fc76d93b3f65b2e26e5c2b1313</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-3b78cf3d9b591d1dad6ef0df70a9e3946062852fc76d93b3f65b2e26e5c2b1313</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4749-8710 ; 0000-0002-0911-0105 ; 0000-0002-3725-2610</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-010-0324-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00226-010-0324-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02088872$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nguila Inari, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pétrissans, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dumarcay, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lambert, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehrhardt, J. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Šernek, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gérardin, P</creatorcontrib><title>Limitation of XPS for analysis of wood species containing high amounts of lipophilic extractives</title><title>Wood science and technology</title><addtitle>Wood Sci Technol</addtitle><description>Chemical composition of Norway spruce and pine, two softwood species, has been investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Contrary to results previously obtained with beech wood, which allow to obtain information on bulk chemical composition from surface composition analysis, XPS analysis appears to be unsuitable for the characterisation of Norway spruce and pine wood chemical composition. Indeed, chemical compositions calculated from XPS data differ strongly from those obtained from microanalyses which are in good agreement with theoretical composition described in the literature. XPS analysis of both the softwood surfaces indicated high carbon contents explained by migration of lipophilic extractives to the surface under the influence of the vacuum necessary for XPS analysis. Nonvolatile extractives contained in wood were extracted and deposited on glass plates and analysed. Survey and detailed C1s spectra indicated similar signals to those recorded on wood surfaces. This phenomenon was not observed when samples had been previously extracted before analysis. These results strongly evidenced that extractives present in both species are able to migrate through resin canals from the bulk of the sample to the surface when put into ultra high vacuum. XPS presents, therefore, some limits in the case of the analysis of softwood species containing extractives able to migrate to the surface during analysis. This behaviour, difficult to control, could lead to erroneous interpretations due to extractives enrichment of the surface under the effect of vacuum.</description><subject>Beech</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Canals</subject><subject>carbon</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Chemical and Process Engineering</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Composites</subject><subject>Engineering Sciences</subject><subject>Fagus</subject><subject>Glass</subject><subject>Glass plates</subject><subject>High vacuum</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Lipophilic</subject><subject>Machines</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Migration</subject><subject>Migratory species</subject><subject>Natural Materials</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><subject>Photoelectrons</subject><subject>Picea abies</subject><subject>Pine trees</subject><subject>Processes</subject><subject>resin canals</subject><subject>softwood</subject><subject>Softwoods</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Vacuum</subject><subject>Wood</subject><subject>Wood Science & Technology</subject><subject>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><issn>0043-7719</issn><issn>1432-5225</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMFO3DAURS3USp3SfkBXWOqqi8B7dmI7S4TagjQSSIDEznUce8YoEwc7A-Xvm5AKdqyedHXuld4h5BvCMQLIkwzAmCgAoQDOykIdkBWWnBUVY9UHsgIoeSEl1p_I55zvAVDKUq3In3XYhdGMIfY0enp3dU19TNT0pnvOIc_ZU4wtzYOzwWVqYz-a0Id-Q7dhs6VmF_f9-MJ1YYjDNnTBUvd3TMaO4dHlL-SjN112X__fQ3L76-fN2Xmxvvx9cXa6Liyv1VjwRirreVs3VY0ttqYVzkPrJZja8boUIJiqmLdStDVvuBdVwxwTrrKsQY78kPxYdrem00MKO5OedTRBn5-u9ZwBA6WUZI8z-31hhxQf9i6P-j7u0_Ry1pNEhghcVBOFC2VTzDk5_zqLoGfpepGuJ-l6lq7V1GFLJ09sv3Hpbfm90tFS8iZqs0kh69trBlgCAOco-bsECqw4_wdLT5Y4</recordid><startdate>20110501</startdate><enddate>20110501</enddate><creator>Nguila Inari, G</creator><creator>Pétrissans, M</creator><creator>Dumarcay, S</creator><creator>Lambert, J</creator><creator>Ehrhardt, J. 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J ; Šernek, M ; Gérardin, P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-3b78cf3d9b591d1dad6ef0df70a9e3946062852fc76d93b3f65b2e26e5c2b1313</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Beech</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Canals</topic><topic>carbon</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Chemical and Process Engineering</topic><topic>Chemical composition</topic><topic>Composites</topic><topic>Engineering Sciences</topic><topic>Fagus</topic><topic>Glass</topic><topic>Glass plates</topic><topic>High vacuum</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Lipophilic</topic><topic>Machines</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Migration</topic><topic>Migratory species</topic><topic>Natural Materials</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Photoelectron spectroscopy</topic><topic>Photoelectrons</topic><topic>Picea abies</topic><topic>Pine trees</topic><topic>Processes</topic><topic>resin canals</topic><topic>softwood</topic><topic>Softwoods</topic><topic>Species</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Vacuum</topic><topic>Wood</topic><topic>Wood Science & Technology</topic><topic>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nguila Inari, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pétrissans, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dumarcay, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lambert, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ehrhardt, J. 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J</au><au>Šernek, M</au><au>Gérardin, P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Limitation of XPS for analysis of wood species containing high amounts of lipophilic extractives</atitle><jtitle>Wood science and technology</jtitle><stitle>Wood Sci Technol</stitle><date>2011-05-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>369</spage><epage>382</epage><pages>369-382</pages><issn>0043-7719</issn><eissn>1432-5225</eissn><abstract>Chemical composition of Norway spruce and pine, two softwood species, has been investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Contrary to results previously obtained with beech wood, which allow to obtain information on bulk chemical composition from surface composition analysis, XPS analysis appears to be unsuitable for the characterisation of Norway spruce and pine wood chemical composition. Indeed, chemical compositions calculated from XPS data differ strongly from those obtained from microanalyses which are in good agreement with theoretical composition described in the literature. XPS analysis of both the softwood surfaces indicated high carbon contents explained by migration of lipophilic extractives to the surface under the influence of the vacuum necessary for XPS analysis. Nonvolatile extractives contained in wood were extracted and deposited on glass plates and analysed. Survey and detailed C1s spectra indicated similar signals to those recorded on wood surfaces. This phenomenon was not observed when samples had been previously extracted before analysis. These results strongly evidenced that extractives present in both species are able to migrate through resin canals from the bulk of the sample to the surface when put into ultra high vacuum. XPS presents, therefore, some limits in the case of the analysis of softwood species containing extractives able to migrate to the surface during analysis. This behaviour, difficult to control, could lead to erroneous interpretations due to extractives enrichment of the surface under the effect of vacuum.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s00226-010-0324-8</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-8710</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-0105</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-2610</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Beech Biomedical and Life Sciences Canals carbon Ceramics Chemical and Process Engineering Chemical composition Composites Engineering Sciences Fagus Glass Glass plates High vacuum Life Sciences Lipophilic Machines Manufacturing Migration Migratory species Natural Materials Organic chemistry Original Photoelectron spectroscopy Photoelectrons Picea abies Pine trees Processes resin canals softwood Softwoods Species Spectrum analysis Vacuum Wood Wood Science & Technology X ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| title | Limitation of XPS for analysis of wood species containing high amounts of lipophilic extractives |
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