Dynamics of the Metabolic Response During a Competitive 100-m Freestyle in Elite Male Swimmers

To compare the dynamics of maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), blood lactate ([La] ), total energy expenditure (E ), and contributions of the aerobic (E ), alactic anaerobic (E ), and lactic anaerobic (E ) metabolic energy pathways over 4 consecutive 25-m laps (L , L , etc) of a 100-m maximal freestyle swim. Elite swimmers comprising 26 juniors (age = 16 [1] y) and 23 seniors (age = 24 [5] y) performed 100 m at maximal speed and then 3 trials (25, 50, and 75 m) at the same pace as that of the 100 m. [La] was collected, and [Formula: see text] was measured 20 s postexercise. The estimated energetic contributions for the 100-m trial are presented as mean (SD): E , 51% (8%); E , 18% (2%); E , 31% (9%). [Formula: see text] increased from L to L (mean = 3.5 L·min ; 90% confidence interval [CI], 3.4-3.7 L·min to mean = 4.2 L·min ; 90% CI, 4.0-4.3 L·min ) and then stabilized in the 2nd 50 m (mean = 4.1 L·min ; 90% CI, 3.9-4.3 L·min to mean = 4.2 L·min ; 90% CI, 4.0-4.4 L·min ). E (juniors, 138 [18] kJ; seniors, 168 [26] kJ), E (juniors, 27 [3] kJ; seniors, 30 [3] kJ), and E (juniors, 38 [12] kJ; seniors, 62 [24] kJ) were 11-58% higher in seniors. Faster swimmers (n = 26) had higher [Formula: see text], 90% CI 4.4-4.8 L·min [Formula: see text] L·min , 90% CI 3.6-4.2 L·min ), and E power was associated with fast performances (P