On the early stage of aluminum oxidation: an extraction mechanism via oxygen cooperation

We propose a barrierless mechanism for describing the oxidation of Al(111) in which oxygen atoms located on the outer surface extract aluminum atoms of the surface layers through local cooperation of other pre-adsorbed oxygen atoms. We show the details of this complex chemical process that kinetically competes with the non-destructive formation of an oxygen monolayer onto the Al surface, thus elucidating the initial aluminum oxidation regime. We demonstrate that further stripping of the complete surface Al layer is consistent with both (i) the formation of a defective alumina structure and (ii) an oxide capping layer preventing further oxidation at low temperature.