Crystal growth of aragonite in the presence of phosphate

The crystal growth of aragonite was investigated at pH 7.8, 37°C and constant solution supersaturation from aragonite-seeded supersaturated solutions. The effect of the presence of orthophosphate ions in the supersaturated solution on the kinetics of crystallization of aragonite was investigated over the range of orthophosphate concentrations of 0.25µM–1mM. In the presence of orthophosphate in the range of 0.25µM–8µM, the crystal growth rate of aragonite decreased with increasing phosphate concentration. At orthophosphate concentration levels exceeding 2µM, induction times were measured and were found to increase with orthophosphate concentration. At orthophosphate concentration levels >8µM, the crystal growth of aragonite was inhibited, suggesting the blockage of the active growth sites by the adsorption of orthophosphate ions. Adsorption was confirmed by the investigation of orthophosphate uptake on aragonite, which was: i) found to depend on the equilibrium concentration of orthophosphate in aqueous solutions saturated with respect to aragonite; ii) not influenced by the ionic strength of the electrolyte up to 0.15M NaCl, showing that electrostatic interactions between orthophosphate and CaCO3 did not play a significant role in this concentration range. Adsorption data of orthophosphate on the aragonite crystals gave satisfactory fit to the Langmuir adsorption model and was confirmed by XPS analysis. •Crystallization of aragonite on aragonite seeds is controlled by surface diffusion.•Orthophosphate ions (