Classification of building systems for concrete 3D printing

In the present paper, a study is conducted on building systems associated with concrete extrusion-based additive manufacturing techniques. Specific parameters are highlighted - concerning scale, environment, support, and assembly strategies - and a classification method is introduced. The objective is to explicitly characterise construction systems based on such printing processes. A cartography of the different approaches and subsequent robotic complexity is proposed. The state of the art gathered from the literature is mapped thanks to this classification. It appears that the disruption potential brought by concrete 3D printing has not been fully embraced yet. •This work studies 3D printed concrete building systems as a whole, and not only concrete extrusion processes.•An original classification method was developed, based on existing approaches and some of the co-authors' previous work.•The classification shows a space of the possible solutions through which a mapping of minimum robotic complexity is drawn.