Pivotal Role of a Pentacoordinate 3MC State on the Photocleavage Efficiency of a Thioether Ligand in Ruthenium(II) Complexes: A Theoretical Mechanistic Study

A mechanistic study of the photocleavage of the methylthioethanol ligand (Hmte) in the series of ruthenium complexes [Ru­(tpy)­(N-N)­(Hmte)]2+ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, N-N = bpy (2,2′-bipyridine), biq (2,2′-biquinoline), dcbpy (6,6′-dichloro-2,2′-bipyridine), dmbpy (6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)) was performed using density functional theory. These studies reveal the decisive role of two quasi-degenerate triplet metal-centered states, denoted 3MChexa and 3MCpenta, on the lowest triplet potential energy surface. It also shows how the population of the specific pentacoordinate 3MCpenta state, characterized by a geometry more accessible for the attack of a solvent molecule, is a key step for the efficiency of the photosubstitution reaction. The difference in the photosubstitution quantum yields experimentally observed for this series of complexes (from φ = 0.022 for N-N = bpy up to φ = 0.30 for N-N = dmbpy) is rationalized by the existence of this 3MCpenta photoreactive state and by the different topologies of the triplet excited-state potential energy surfaces, rather than by the sole steric properties of these polypyridinyl ligands.