Non-equilibrium fluctuations induced by the Soret effect in a ternary mixture

We present, based on fluctuating hydrodynamics, the theory of concentration fluctuations in a ternary mixture subjected to a stationary temperature gradient, so that composition gradients are present due to thermal diffusion (Soret effect). We neglect gravity and confinement (boundary conditions) but consider a completely generic diffusion matrix, including cross-diffusion effects. We find, as in the case of binary mixtures, an important non-equilibrium enhancement of the concentration fluctuations, which is proportional to the square of the gradient and inversely proportional to the fourth power of the fluctuations wave number, q −4 . The results of this paper are expected to be asymptotically correct for fluctuations of large q , while for shorter q gravity and confinement effects need to be incorporated. Comparison with previous work in the topic is included. Graphical abstract