Electric Fields

Thermal convection within fluids is ubiquitous in nature and engineering. It plays a major role in heat transfer and is a main driver for geophysical and atmospheric structures. Thermal convection induced by Archimedean buoyancy in the fluid layer confined between two parallel horizontal plates has been widely investigated since long time and is known as Rayleigh-Benard convection. The spatial distribution of free charges varies under an electric field. The characteristic scales can be used to introduce non-dimensional control parameters. Rayleigh-Benard convection in spherical shells with the condition of a radially directed gravitational buoyancy force is a general basis in geophysical flows, for example, for convective attributes in the inner Earth's mantle or core.