Modelling of hysteretic behavior of piezoceramic materials under electrical loading

The purpose of this study is to model the hysteretic behavior of piezoceramic materials under electrical loading. Remanent strain and remanent polarization are chosen as internal variables. A domain orientation distribution is used to describe the evolution of these variables by bridging the characteristics of microscopic domain distribution into macroscopic behaviors. This model is able to calculate electric displacement, longitudinal, and transversal strains as a function of uniaxial electrical field. Good quality of the formulation is demonstrated through comparison with experimental data of the literature. In addition, results confirm our hypothesis of isochoric deformation of piezoceramics under electrical loading.