A Beat-by-Beat Cardiovascular Index, CARDEAN: A Prospective Randomized Assessment of Its Utility for the Reduction of Movement During Colonoscopy

We sought to determine whether online use of a beat-by-beat cardiovascular index, CARDEAN (Alpha-2, Lyon, France), modifies the incidence of patient movement during colonoscopy under anesthesia. Monitoring included an electrocardiogram, oscillometric and noninvasive beat-by-beat arterial blood pressure, O2 saturation, bispectral index (BIS), and CARDEAN. CARDEAN consists of beat-by-beat Finapres (Ohmeda, Madison, WI) combined with an algorithm that detects hypertension followed by tachycardia and produces an index scaled 0 to 100. The anesthesiologist was denied access to Finapres and CARDEAN. Propofol was adjusted to keep 40