Ammonium Compounds

1. Ammonium Nitrate 1.1. Physical and Chemical Properties 1.2. Production 1.2.1. From Ammonia and Nitric Acid 1.2.2. Conversion of Calcium Nitrate Tetrahydrate 1.3. Granulation 1.4. Grain Stabilization and Surface Treatment (Conditioning) 1.5. Transport Regulations 1.6. Safety 1.7. Uses 1.8. Economic Aspects 2. Ammonium Sulfate 2.1. Properties 2.2. Production 2.2.1. From Coke‐Oven Gas 2.2.2. From Ammonia and Sulfuric Acid 2.2.3. Coproduct in Organic Syntheses 2.2.4. From Gypsum 2.2.5. Other Processes 2.3. Granulation and Storage 2.4. Uses 2.5. Economic Aspects 3. Ammonium Chloride 3.1. Properties 3.2. Production 3.2.1. Modified Solvay (Ammonia ‐ Soda Ash ) Process 3.2.2. Direct Reaction Between HCl and NH 3 3.2.3. Reaction of Reciprocal Pairs of Salts 3.3. Corrosion 3.4. Packaging, Storage, Shipping, and Handling 3.5. Uses 4. Ammonium Carbonates 4.1. Ammonium Hydrogencarbonate 4.2. Ammonium Carbamate 4.3. Ammonium Carbonate 4.4. Storage, Transport, and Handling 4.5. Uses 5. Toxicology and Occupational Health