Learning Strategies

Learning strategies include behavioral, cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, or affective processes or actions that facilitate understanding, learning, and meaningful encoding, as well as integration of new knowledge and skills into memory. Early work focused on cognitive knowledge-acquisition strategies – rehearsal, elaboration, and organization strategies. Recent models of lifelong strategic and self-regulated learning also emphasize self-regulatory, metacognitive, and other executive management processes used to regulate cognition, motivation, affect, and behavior to reach learning goals. Specific topics discussed include types of learning strategies, models of strategic and self-regulated learning, current issues and controversies about domain-independent versus domain-dependent strategies, assessment, and learning strategies instruction for students.