Cognitive Foundations of Ethical Literary Studies/Kognitivni temelji eticne literarne vede

In the 1980s and 1990s, an ethical turn began to take place in literary studies and in the humanities in general, leading to an increased interest in exploring the relationship between literature and ethics. The field that deals with this topic is now called ethical literary studies or ethical criticism. One of the less explored areas of ethical literary studies is the relationship between ethics and cognitive aspects of reading. In this article, I therefore analyse the neurobiological foundations of literary reading. I consider reading as a technology consisting of various embodied mental, emotional, motor, sensory, memory and other cognitive processes. The temporal and spatial dimension of the processes, which I also call "openness", is particularly important. The latter conditions the diversity of reading on an experiential level and, finally, the possibilities of the relationship between literature and ethics, namely in relation to literary characters, narratives, implicit and real authors and readers. Keywords: cognitive literary studies, literary reading, diversity, ethical judgement, aesthetic judgement V osemdesetih in devetdesetih letih prejsnjega stoletja se je v humanistiki in literarni vedi zgodil eticni obrat, ki pomeni povecanje zanimanja za raziskovanje razmerja med literaturo in etiko. Danes ta del literarne vede imenujemo eticno kritistvo ali eticna literarna veda. Eno od slabse raziskanih podrocij eticnega kritistva je razmerje med etiko in kognitivnimi vidiki branja. Zato v tem clanku analiziram nevrobioloske podlage branja. Branje razumem kot tehnologijo,utemeljeno na stevilnih utelesenih miselnih, custvenih, motoricnih, senzoricnih, spominskih in drugih kognitivnih procesih. Casovno-prostorska dimenzija teh procesov, ki jo imenujem odprtost,je posebej pomembna. Na izkustveni ravni namrec pogojuje raznolika branja, nazadnje pa tudi pogoje moznosti vzpostavljanja razmerja med literaturo in etiko, in sicer skozi razmerja do literarnih oseb, pripovedi in implicitnih ter realnih avtorjev in bralcev. Kljucne besede: kognitivna literarna veda, literarno branje, raznolikost, eticne sodbe, estetske sodbe