Impact of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Peri-Implant Soft and Hard Tissue in Alveolar Ridge Preservation

ABSTRACT Context: After tooth extraction, alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is essential to maintain the hard and soft tissue dimensions for future implant placement. Two frequently employed biomaterials in ARP are freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), each possessing unique biological characteristics. Materials and Methods: In a randomized controlled study, sixty individuals requiring ARP after tooth extraction were included. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 30) received PRF, and Group B (n = 30) received FDBA. Clinical measurements, such as soft tissue thickness, keratinized tissue width, and radiographic bone density, were recorded at baseline, three months, and six months after surgery. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to assess changes in hard tissue, such as the width and height of the alveolar ridge. Results: Group A (PRF) showed a significant increase in soft tissue thickness over six months, with an average gain of 2.5 mm (P < 0.01). In contrast, Group B (FDBA) showed a 30 increase in bone density compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Group B experienced a decrease in alveolar ridge height and width of 1.2 mm and 1.8 mm, respectively, while Group A showed a reduction of 1.6 mm and 2.3 mm. Conclusion: In conclusion, peri-implant soft and hard tissues benefit from both PRF and FDBA during alveolar ridge maintenance. Soft tissue thickness can be improved more effectively with PRF, while FDBA is superior for preserving hard tissue. Keywords: Alveolar ridge preservation, bone density, freeze-dried bone allograft, peri-implant tissues, platelet-rich fibrin, soft tissue thickness