Biochemical variations in patients with renal failure: A comparative study

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by declining kidney function, ranging from mild damage to end-stage renal disease. Its prevalence globally is estimated to be between 8 and 16%, with higher rates occurring in low- and middle-income regions. Underlying factors include diabetes, hypertension and genetic predisposition. The multifactorial nature of CKD is influenced by genetics, renal function monitoring, anemia, electrolyte imbalances and other risk factors. The present study collected 465 samples from subjects aged 18-65 years for a case-control study. These included 219 patients with CKD (101 females and 118 males; mean ages, 46.56 and 46.84 years, respectively) and 246 healthy individuals (131 women and 115 men; mean ages, 37.16 and 41.23 years, respectively). Whole blood was drawn for serum analysis for the purpose of comparing various biochemical parameters between patients with CKD and the healthy subjects, including total protein, albumin, ferritin, unsaturated iron binding capacity, iron, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, glucose, urea, serum creatinine, total calcium, free calcium, sodium, potassium, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and phosphorus. The results obtained revealed a significant association between age and the occurrence of CKD (P