Individual and community: the ethics of productivity in Peirce and Freud/Individuo e comunidade: a conduta etica em Peirce e Freud

This article aims to address the theories of Peirce and Freud with the objective of clarifying what is called 'ethical conduct'. We do not establish a one-to-one correspondence between both theories, given that they have different concerns and paths, but we start from the conception that the isolated individual, enclosed in his dogmatic belief, whose neurotized behavior defines him, is a source of ignorance, in terms of the lack of social thinking or in terms of ignoring the cunning of their unconscious. Therefore, we use texts from the so-called first pragmatism, given that Peirce's discussion allows comparison between the problematic individual in Freud. As for the psychoanalyst, we worked on the texts of his Complete Works, selecting those that suited our intention, that is, that served to bring together two ways of conceiving the isolated individual. Indeed, for Peirce, the individual must yield to the opinion of the community of beings who think through signs, thus assuming a logical, rational attitude, and in accordance with the scientific method. In turn, the focus on psychoanalysis directs our attention to the unproductive individual, incapable of assuming a mature attitude, guided by the reality principle. Briefly, this is the individual trapped in the web of libido development in the pre-genital stage and without overcoming the Oedipus complex, a breakthrough that would make him ready to exist as a person, acting according to the principle of reality and knowing his limitations. Keywords: cognition; Oedipus complex; fallibilism; scientific method; psychoanalysis; sign. Este artigo tem por objetivo abordar as teorias de Peirce e de Freud com o intuito de esclarecer o que denominamos de 'conduta etica'. Nao estabelecemos uma correspondencia biunivoca entre ambas as teorias, dado que possuem preocupacoes e caminhos distintos, mas partimos da concepcao de que o individuo isolado, encerrado em sua crenca dogmatica, cujo comportamento neurotizado o define, e fonte da ignorancia, em termos da falta de pensar socialmente ou em termos de ignorar a astucia de seu inconsciente. Para tal, utilizamos os textos do denominado primeiro pragmatismo, dado que a discussao de Peirce possibilita a comparacao com o individuo problematico em Freud. Em relacao ao psicanalista, trabalhamos os textos de suas Obras Completas, selecionados aqueles que se adequavam ao nosso intento, ou seja, que serviam para uma aproximacao de dois modos de conceber o individuo isolado. Com