FETAL COMPLICATIONS CAUSED BY GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW/COMPLICACOES FETAIS OCASIONADAS PELA DIABETES MELITUS GESTACIONAL: UMA REVISAO DE LITERATURA/COMPLICACIONES FETALES CAUSADAS POR LA DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL: REVISION BIBLIOGRAFICA

INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathology of pregnancy, generating an increase in the availability of exacerbated glucose, which can cause various consequences for the mother and the fetus, and is considered a public health problem. For this reason, proper diagnosis and monitoring during prenatal care is of the utmost importance. OBJECTIVE: To emphasize the fetal and neonatal consequences of GDM. METHODS: This study is an integrative literature review. A descriptive and exploratory bibliographic survey was carried out using the SciELO, Medline and Lilacs databases, using the descriptors: "Gestational diabetes", "Pregnancy complications", "Pregnancy", using the Boolean operator "AND". The articles were cataloged using the following inclusion criteria: articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese, from 2010 to 2024, and exclusion criteria: texts with only the abstract available. After this filtering, 21 articles were selected. RESULTS: It was observed that pregnant women with GDM have a higher risk of developing gestational complications, and as a result, the fetus can develop congenital malformations, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, tetralogy of Fallot, coronary artery disease and orofacial clefts. In addition, it was observed that neonates have a higher risk of developing anomalies of the nervous system, trisomies of 21, prematurity, low birth weight and macrosomia. Conclusion: In view of these factors, prenatal care is necessary in order to diagnose GDM early and carry out the necessary interventions, such as health education and nutritional guidance for pregnant women, with the aim of preventing such complications. Keywords: Pregnancy; pregnancy complications; gestational diabetes mellitus. INTRODUCAO: O diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) e uma patologia da gravidez, gerando aumento da disponibilidade de glicose exacerbada, o que pode ocasionar varias consequencias para a mae e para o feto, sendo considerado um problema de saude publica. Por isso, e de grande importancia o diagnostico e o acompanhamento adequado no pre-natal. OBJETIVO: Enfatizar as consequencias fetais e neonatais decorrentes da DMG. METODOS: O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisao integrativa da literatura, foi realizado um levantamento bibliografico de carater descritivo e exploratorio, atraves das bases de dados: SciELO, Medline e Lilacs, utilizando os descritores: "Diabetes gestacional", "Complicacoes da gravidez", "Gestacao", atraves do operador boole