RISK FACTORS FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS/FATORES DE RISCO PARA O DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL/FATORES DE RISCO PARA DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as a metabolic disorder, characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, caused by deficiency in insulin production or its action, or both mechanisms that begins or is detected during pregnancy. GDM has increased significantly in recent years and several risk factors are associated with its development. Controlling this metabolic syndrome helps to avoid complications during pregnancy and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. The research carried out is an integrative review of the literature that aims to identify the risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. The data search was carried out through articles in the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library and PubMed databases in Portuguese with a time frame from March 2016 to November 2023. 10 articles were selected to compose this review, and with these it can be seen that pregnant women who had diabetes have a greater chance of developing type 2 diabetes in the future and their children have a greater chance of being obese and developing metabolic diseases. Overweight, obesity, older age and family history appear as classic risk factors for the development of GdM. Prenatal care is extremely important in preventing GDM, as well as early diagnosis and immediate intervention to avoid future complications for the mother and fetus. Keywords: Diabetes gestational; risk factors; pregnancy hyperglycemia. O Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) e definido como um disturbio metabolico, caracterizado por hiperglicemia persistente, motivada pela deficiencia na producao de insulina ou na sua acao, ou ambos os mecanismos que comeca ou e detectado durante a gravidez. O DMG tem aumentado bastante nos ultimos anos e varios fatores de riscos estao associado ao seu desenvolvimento. O controle dessa sindrome metabolica ajuda a evitar complicacoes no periodo gestacional e garantir o bem estar da mae e do feto. A pesquisa realizada trata-se de uma revisao integrativa da literatura que tem como objetivo identificar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do diabetes mellitus gestacional. A busca de dados foi feita atraves de artigos nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Google Academico, Biblioteca Virtual em Saude e PubMed na lingua portuguesa com recorte temporal de marco de 2016 a novembro de 2023. Foram selecionados 10 artigos para compor essa revisao, e com esses pode-se perceber que as gestante