Effects of Combined Live IBifidobacterium/I, ILactobacillus/I, IEnterococcus/I, and IBacillus/I Cereus Tablets on the Structure and Function of the Intestinal Flora in Rabbits Undergoing Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often have a variety of adverse reactions after chemotherapy, which may be related to the changes in intestinal flora caused by chemotherapy. In this study, a rabbit model of liver local arterial perfusion chemotherapy was established. The effects of Combined Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus Cereus Tablets on the structure of intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier function in rabbits treated with local arterial perfusion chemotherapy were studied, and the possible potential mechanisms were discussed. This study provides a theoretical basis for probiotics to regulate intestinal microbiota and improve the side effects of local arterial perfusion chemotherapy drugs in the liver. After arterial chemotherapy with epirubicin, the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Cladosporium and Bacteroides, decreased, while the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Proteus, increased. In rabbit serum and ileum tissue, the protein expression levels of the intestinal barrier tight-junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 decreased, while the levels of inflammatory factors and liver injury factors increased. Combined Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus Cereus Tablets can reverse the composition of intestinal flora. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as rabbit Bifidobacterium, rumen coccus, Prevost’s bacteria, and Blautia, increased, while the relative abundance of Proteus, verrucous microorganisms, Escherichia/Shigella, and Sporobacter decreased. It also significantly increased the expression of the rabbit tight-junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1, increased the expression of mucin gene, reduced intestinal permeability, and repaired intestinal barrier injury. Probiotic regulation reduces the expression levels of inflammatory factors and liver injury factors in rabbit serum. The correlation analysis between intestinal flora and clinical environmental factors showed that beneficial bacteria were positively correlated with the protein expression levels of the intestinal tight-junction proteins claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin, while beneficial bacteria were negatively correlated with harmful bacteria. The expression level of beneficial bacteria was negatively correlated with inflammatory factors and liver injury factors, and positively correlated with harmful bacteria. Few studies have explored the biological mechan