Daily consumption of [gamma]-oryzanol-fortified canola oil, compared with unfortified canola and sunflower oils, resulted in a better improvement of certain cardiometabolic biomarkers of adult subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Background This study was undertaken to examine the effects of daily consumption of [gamma]-oryzanol (ORZ)-fortified canola oil, as compared with plain canola and sunflower oils, on certain cardiometabolic indicators. Methods Ninety-two adult subjects from both sexes with T2D were randomly assigned to one of the three groups to receive: (a) ORZ-fortified canola oil (Group 1; n.sub.1 = 30); (b) unfortified canola oil (Group 2; n.sub.2 = 32); or (c) sunflower oil (Group 3; n.sub.3 = 30) for 12 weeks. The participants were instructed to use only the given oils for all cooking (but frying) purposes. Anthropometric, dietary and biochemical assessments were done initially and finally. Results Though body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased in all three groups, only in Groups 1 and 2 waist circumference (WC) showed a significant decrement (-2.6 [+ or -] 0.1 and -2.2 [+ or -] 0.1 cm in Groups 1 and 2 respectively, p < 0.001 for both) which was accompanied by a significant reduction of blood pressure just in Group 1. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) showed a significant decrease only in ORZ-fortified canola oil group (-7.7 [+ or -] 0.4 mg/dL, p = 0.039 and -0.7 [+ or -] 0.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). However, insulin resistance, as judged by HOMA-IR, did not change significantly. In addition, serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations decreased in all three groups but only in ORZ-fortified canola oil was this decrement statistically significant (-17.9 [+ or -] 2.1 mg/dL, p = 0.005). Other components of serum lipid profile did not change significantly in either group. Conclusions Consumption of either sunflower or canola oils for 12 weeks improved certain studied biomarkers. However, only ORZ-fortified canola oil resulted in a significant decrease of blood pressure, WC, FBG, HbA1c and TG. These findings can help both clinicians and public health authorities for dietary recommendations to subjects with T2D and presumably the whole community. Trial registration: number at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05271045). Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, [gamma]-oryzanol, Canola oil, Sunflower oil, Clinical trial